1.When meeting problems in daily life，some like to solve it in a serious way while others tend to deal with these setbacks in a humorous way. Which way do you think is better? Give your explanations in your response.
2.Do you agree or disagree with the statement that children who join in group sport activities tend to be more sociable than those who only do exercise by themselves
3.Your school is planning to eliminate the computer lab on campus because almost all students have laptops and they can use their laptops. Do you think eliminating the computer lab is good idea and why?
4.Should parents help their children solve their problems or let themselves ?o?
5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not be allowed to use calculator in math classes or exams.
6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is acceptable that someone use other's influence to get a job
7.Your university is planning to allow people in the community to take courses with students. This course will be free for them and they will not receive feedback or grades about their papers. Do you think this is a good program and why?
8.Some people prefer to make friends with the same age, other would like make friends with different ages. Which one do you like?
9.Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?
10. Some students think that they are graded by participating in the discussion class, while others think that they are graded only by written work, such as paper. Which opinion would you prefer and give your reasons.
1.Agree or disagree: Your job has a greater effect on your overall happiness than social life does.
2.Do you agree that it needs to take risks or keep cautious and careful and take less risks for a person to finally reach success? Give reasons to explain your choice.
3.Do you agree or disagree? In the past, people were more friendly than they are today.
3.Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends?
A. Joining a sports team
B. Participating in community activities
C. Traveling
4.Which is the most important thing for a country’s leader to assure the prosperity of the country:
1. Creating more jobs for unemployed worker;
2. Increasing agriculture and lowering the food price;
3. Increasing access to affordable house.
5.Which one of the following areas should governments fund in order to improve children’s educational quality:
1) Hiring more teachers so that there are fewer students in one class;
2) Providing preschool education;
3) Providing additional training for teachers so they know more methods to teach.
6.Which one is the most important factor to help you work productively:
A. Having an environment free of noise and distractions;
B. Knowing that you will receive a reward;
C. Doing something you are interested in.
7.People can solve important problems in their daily life on their own or with the help from families. The help from the government is not necessary. Do you agree or disagree?
8.People should take time to relax with hobbies or physical activities that are very different from what they do at work.
9.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to make friends with intelligent people than with the people who have a good sense of humor.
10.When a new technological device becomes available, some will buy it right away, and some wait until many have adopted. What do you think?
1.歐洲的 ash tree 總是被森林中的 fungus 感染，引發(fā)傳染性疾病。閱讀和聽(tīng)力針對(duì)保護(hù)方式展開(kāi)討論。
閱讀部分
第一點(diǎn):砍掉并且轉(zhuǎn)移被感染的樹，從而阻礙這種疾病的傳播。
第二點(diǎn):廣泛噴灑化學(xué)劑，抑制樹林中 fungus 生長(zhǎng)。
第三點(diǎn):可以通過(guò)基因技術(shù)，提取存活的樹的基因來(lái)使其對(duì) fungus 免疫。
聽(tīng)力部分
第一點(diǎn):僅僅砍掉樹是不夠的，應(yīng)該除去樹林中所有的死亡的樹葉，這是非常困難的一件事。同時(shí)，移走 這些樹葉也會(huì)破壞森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)?dead leaves 可以給土壤提供養(yǎng)分。第二點(diǎn):首先化學(xué)藥劑對(duì)于很多生物來(lái)講是有害的，同時(shí)由于這種物質(zhì)是從高處廣泛的散播，這會(huì)對(duì)不止 ash tree,而是所有生物都造成影響。例如，deer 會(huì)因此而受到傷害。此外，這種物質(zhì)很難被分解，會(huì)存在很 久，會(huì)對(duì)森林有持久影響。
第三點(diǎn):這種病可以由很多種 fungus 影響產(chǎn)生，通過(guò)這種方法只能免疫一部分 fungus,不能免疫全部。而 這種病傳染很快，只要有樹感染，就會(huì)對(duì)森林有很大傷害。
2.虎鯨以黑色為主、黑白相間占少數(shù)，而白色虎鯨更是十分罕見(jiàn)。在 2000 年，研究者驚奇地在阿拉斯加 (Alaska)的阿留申群島(Aleutian Islands)附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一頭白色虎鯨，暫且叫它 Alaska white orca。2010 年， 研究者再次在俄羅斯近海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一頭白色虎鯨，我們可以叫它 Iceberg white orca。那這兩頭虎鯨究竟是 不是同一頭虎鯨
閱讀部分
1）.膚色不一樣。Alaskan 白虎鯨的膚色要比 Iceberg 白虎鯨的膚色深
2）. 兩頭虎鯨隔得太遠(yuǎn)。A 虎鯨在美國(guó)的阿留申群島附近被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而 I 虎鯨在俄羅斯的近海岸被發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩地 相隔整整 1500 英里
3）.兩頭虎鯨的年紀(jì)對(duì)不上。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，人們都是通過(guò)背鰭(dorsal fin)的尺寸來(lái)判斷一頭虎鯨的年紀(jì)。根 據(jù)背鰭的大小，當(dāng) A 虎鯨在 2000 年被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，被推測(cè)為 20 歲。但是 10 年后，Iceberg 的背鰭尺寸 也是 20 歲。所以，兩頭虎鯨不可能是同一頭虎鯨。
聽(tīng)力部分
1）.兩頭鯨膚色之所以不一樣是由海藻(algae)導(dǎo)致的。當(dāng)海里的海藻數(shù)量越多，虎鯨的膚色就會(huì)越深。而 海藻的多少也會(huì)根據(jù)季節(jié)進(jìn)行變化。因?yàn)?A 虎鯨和 I 虎鯨被發(fā)現(xiàn)的季節(jié)不一樣，所以膚色就會(huì)不一樣。換 句話說(shuō)，這兩頭鯨很可能就是同一頭鯨
2）. 兩頭虎鯨隔得不算遠(yuǎn)?；ⅥL的哺食模式(Hunting Pattern)分為兩種，一種吃哺乳動(dòng)物(mammal)，所以 他們經(jīng)常出沒(méi)在海岸邊。另一種虎鯨喜愛(ài)哺食魚類，所以他們會(huì)跟隨魚群的長(zhǎng)途遷徙而環(huán)游整個(gè)海洋。有 時(shí)候，他們遷徙的路徑長(zhǎng)達(dá) 2000 英里，所以美國(guó)到俄羅斯的區(qū)區(qū) 1500 英里根本不算遠(yuǎn)。
3）. 兩頭虎鯨的年紀(jì)對(duì)得上。通過(guò)背鰭大小來(lái)判斷虎鯨年紀(jì)的方法根本不靠譜。因?yàn)榛ⅥL長(zhǎng)到 20 歲時(shí)，背 鰭的尺寸就會(huì)停止增長(zhǎng)。所以從背鰭尺寸來(lái)看，25 歲和 30 歲的虎鯨看起來(lái)都一樣。所以，這兩頭虎鯨其 實(shí)就是同一頭虎鯨。
3.鹿角的 function
閱讀部分
1）.里面有 vessel，有血液循環(huán) ，可以幫助散熱
2）.可以用來(lái)保護(hù)自己 protect from the predators
3）.會(huì)用來(lái) show the dominance 的身份
聽(tīng)力部分
1）.不是用來(lái)散熱。因?yàn)橛械穆瓜哪┮矔?huì)長(zhǎng)出角。甚至有的冬天長(zhǎng)出來(lái)。冬天又不需要散熱。而且有的熱的 地方 ，鹿角小，冷的地方,鹿角大。
2）.一般都是母鹿保護(hù)小鹿?？墒悄嘎共婚L(zhǎng)角的。另外有證據(jù)表明他們的主要 predator 是狼,可是狼有被鹿 kicking 的痕跡。
3）.兩個(gè)鹿一般都是走來(lái)走去,叫幾聲的方式來(lái)表示自己的身份
4.閱讀部分:
一些植物夜晚閉合葉子的三個(gè)原因
植物閉合葉子是為了防寒
植物閉合葉子是為了預(yù)防在雨水來(lái)臨的受到真菌的感染
植物閉合葉子是為了避免夜晚的光線
聽(tīng)力部分:
閱讀的三個(gè)原因并不具有說(shuō)服力
1）.植物內(nèi)部并不儲(chǔ)存能量，所以變冷會(huì)立即感受到
2）. 植物閉合葉子也無(wú)法阻擋雨水，況且真菌是需要一線的水就 可以感染葉子 3）.有些植物即使完全接收不到光線，也會(huì)關(guān)閉葉子
5.Beavers
閱讀部分：
Beavers should not be released in England
1）. Beavers use wood build dams,這樣就會(huì) block the water flow
2）. Beavers 會(huì) dig holes,然后使 ground above 腐爛，不利于 farmland
3）. Beavers’ teeth are so strong that they will burrow in trees and thus kill the trees
聽(tīng)力部分：
releasing beavers 的好處大于壞處
1）. Beavers 并不會(huì)在每條河流中 build dams,很多 build dams 的河流是 still 的
2）. Beavers 通常在 Long river 中，通常 long river 水流很快,beavers 可以 slow down the water flow,這樣對(duì)農(nóng) 田有利
3）. 把有些 trees kill 掉反而使 vegetation 多樣化，因?yàn)椴糠謽淠九舱{(diào)之后會(huì)使原本在樹蔭下的植物有更多的 陽(yáng)光， 這樣這些 vegetation 就可以長(zhǎng)的更好，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè) new ecosystem
